Transmission may occur through bites, licks, or even close proximity with animals. About europe pmc funders joining europe pmc governance roadmap outreach. Isolation of capnocytophaga granulosa from an abscess in an immunocompetent adolescent article pdf available in clinical infectious diseases 303. Clinical findings c gingivalis may cause periodontal disease or, in immune compromised hosts e. Capnocytophaga sputigena bacteremia in a patient with. Infection during the last few weeks of pregnancy can lead to inflammation of the membranes that surround the baby in the womb, a. Capnocytophaga definition of capnocytophaga by medical. Lin after 1961, a number of previously unidentified gramnegative bacilli were referred to the centers for disease control and prevention. Capnocytophaga sputigena bacteremia in a patient with chronic. Capnocytophaga, a genus of gramnegative anaerobes that inhabit the oral cavity, has been reported to be an unusual cause of chorioamnionitis and neonatal infection.
It belongs to the family flavobacteriaceae, order flavobacteriales. In human, porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola and tannerella. Pdf functional advantages of porphyromonas gingivalis. Subgingival surfaces and other areas of human oral cavity. Infection during the last few weeks of pregnancy can lead to inflammation of the membranes that surround the baby in the womb, a condition known as chorioamnionitis. The word element capno in the bacteriums name refers to its ability to survive in high levels of carbon dioxide. Porphyromonas gingivalis, capnocytophaga ochracea, and fusobacterium nucleatum, and a. Capnocytophaga germs can cause serious illness in pregnant women and their unborn babies. Capnocytophaga canimorsus and capnocytophaga cynodegmi. These organisms are part of the normal oral flora and were first described as bacteroides ochraceus and cdc group df1. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which mucosal responses to the oral microbiota in the. Capnocytophaga species constitute part of the normal oral microflora of humans and animals, and are often considered as opportunistic pathogens, that was confirmed by recent studies of microbial profiles using the human oral microbe identification microarray 23, 54, 128, 1. Lipopolysaccharides from periodontopathic bacteria. Many capnocytophaga germs are normal bacteria commonly found in the mouths of people, dogs, and cats.
In 1976, light was shed on these unidentified bacilli when bobo and newton described a man who developed septicemia and meningitis after. Infections are more often linked to dog bites or dog contact. Several of the carbohydrates tested for their potential as chemoattractants see table 2 attracted large numbers of t. Meningitis due to capnocytophaga canimorsus after receipt. The bacterium is a zoonotic agent and has been isolated from humans, infected by dog or cat bites, scratches, licks or simply exposure to dogs or cats. Capnocytophaga keratitis is a severe, rapidly progressive corneal infection in dogs that is associated with diffuse corneal involvement, extensive keratomalacia, and a relatively poor. Capnocytophaga sputigena, capnocytophaga gingivalis. Uniform attributes of the fusiform isolates include gliding motility, strictly fermentative metabolism dependent on the presence of co2 or hco 3, under either anaerobic or aerobic. The characteristics of gliding bacteria isolated from both healthy and diseased sites in the oral cavity are, summarized and the taxonomic position of the bacteria discussed. In the newborn, it can also cause low birth weight, and it can lead to serious infection. Combining the above observations, we hypothesize that lipopolysaccharides.
Using shotgun sequencing, we constructed a genome encyclopedia describing the core supragingival plaque microbiome. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is the species most commonly involved in zoonotic infections. Capnocytophaga ochracea is an aerotolerant anaerobe that requires either an anaerobic environment or 5% co2 concentration of the gaseous form or 20 mm hco3 in the hydrated form 7. Capnocytophaga gingivalis general information the following information is not yet verified taxonomy family. Capnocytophaga infection from a dog bite chicago injury lawyers. Estimates predict that 50% of all americans will be bitten in their lifetime by an animal and that. Porphyromonas gingivalis is an anaerobic, gramnegative bacterium which is rod shaped. In addition, they are opportunistic pathogens associated with periodontal diseases and animal bites, causing systemic infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Skip directly to site content skip directly to page options skip directly to az link skip directly to az link skip directly to az link. Short communication first documented capnocytophaga canimorsus infection in a species other than humans engeline van duijkerena, chantal van mourika, marian broekhuizena, marcel leuvenb, wim gaastrac, dirk houwersa aveterinary microbiological diagnostic center, department of infectious diseases and immunology, faculty of veterinary medicine, utrecht. What is capnocytophaga how common is capnocytophaga. Other articles where capnocytophaga canimorsus is discussed. In addition, they are opportunistic pathogens associated with periodontal diseases and animal bites, causing systemic infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts 2, 3.
Capnocytophaga bacteria live in the mouths of cats and dogs without making them sick. Capnocytophaga species infectious disease and antimicrobial. Abstract dog and catrelated woundinfections in humans are common. See the preventing dog bites page for information on how to prevent dog bites and what to do if you are bitten, regardless of your health status.
The subjects were 25, 85, and 12 children with healthy gingiva, gingivitis, and peri. This anaerobic bacterium is a natural member of the oral microbiome, yet it can become highly destructive termed pathobiont and proliferate to high cell numbers in periodontal lesions. Capnocytophaga canimorsus and capnocytophaga cynodegmi can be transmitted from dogs and cats to humans via bites or scratches. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a bacterial cause of fulminant sepsis among individuals who have been bitten by a dog. Porphyromonas gingivalis invasion of gingival epithelial cells. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gramnegative oral anaerobe that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and is a member of more than 500 bacterial species that live in the oral cavity. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a fastidious, slowgrowing, gramnegative rod of the genus capnocytophaga. Dogs are the most common household pets in the united states. Capnocytophaga canimorsus cani and capnocytophaga cynodegmi cyno are found in the oral cavities of dogs and cats. Our first job is to listen to and observe what our customers need, and meet those needs with. Pdf isolation of capnocytophaga granulosa from an abscess. Capnocytophaga gingivalis definition of capnocytophaga.
Morphology can be short rodshaped, or in broth culture, coccobacilli 0. T2 capnocytophaga canimorsus a novel pathogen for joint arthroplasty. The characteristics of the isolates were compared with 10 fresh and 2 stock isolates of fusobacterium nucleatum. We present two cases of infection caused by capnocytophaga ochracea. Antimicrobial treatment of capnocytophaga infections. Eikenella corrodens, capnocytophaga gingivalis, eubacterium nodatum and. Diversity of capnocytophaga species in children and description of. Bacteria of the genus capnocytophaga are recently recognised pathogens which may cause oral disease and subsequent septicaemia in the immunocompromised host. For a comparison of the biochemical characteristics of c. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a commensal bacterium found in the saliva of 1624% of dogs and 17% of cats 1, 2. To view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription official website of the johns hopkins antibiotic abx, hiv, diabetes, and psychiatry guides, powered by unbound medicine. Rapid killing of capnocytophaga canimorsus and capnocytophaga cynodegmi by human whole blood and serum is mediated via the complement system salah zangenah1,2 and peter bergman1,2 abstract purpose. A gramnegative, microaerophilic, co2requiring gliding bacillus, which is found in normal oral flora and an opportunistic pathogen.
The genus initially included three species on the basis of morphological. To address the question of how microbial diversity and function in the oral cavities of children relates to caries diagnosis, we surveyed the supragingival plaque biofilm microbiome in 44 juvenile twin pairs. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive knowledge on the. Dental biofilm as etiological agent of canine periodontal disease. Contribution of porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysachharide to.
It forms black colonies on blood agar it is found in the oral cavity, where it is implicated in periodontal disease, as well as in the upper gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract and the colon. Capnocytophaga is a genus of gramnegative bacteria. Capnocytophaga gingivalis is a bsl2 organism and should be considered a potential pathogen. Persons who take chloroquine for malaria prophylaxis concurrently with rabies preexposure immunizations are less likely to develop. Members of the genus capnocytophaga can use various carbohydrates like glucose, dextran, glycogen, inulin or starch as fermentable substrates and energy source. These germs sometimes cause opportunistic infections, which means under the right conditions they can cause an infection, such as in a person with a weakened immune system. It is found in the oral cavity, where it is implicated in periodontal disease, 1 as well as in the upper gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract and the. It is part of the normal oral flora of dogs and cats and can cause human septicemia, usually after receipt of a dog bite. Capnocytophaga is the name of a group of gramnegative bacteria that live in the mouth of some animals and humans. A genus of bacteria comprising fusiform, fermentative, gramnegative rods which require carbon dioxide for growth and show gliding motility explanation of. Uniform attributes of the fusiform isolates include gliding motility, strictly fermentative metabolism dependent on the presence of co2 or hco 3, under either anaerobic or aerobic conditions, presence of benzidine. Diagnosing capnocytophaga canimorsus infections volume.
Other capnocytophaga species may be part of animal oral flora, or normal human oral floradental plaques, e. The first case of the infection in humans was reported by bobo. Find out information about capnocytophaga canimorsus. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen of periodontitis. The term capnocytophaga comes from capno for its dependence on co 2 and cytophaga for its flexibility and mobility shift gliding motility. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a commensal bacterium in the oral flora of dogs and cats. Capnocytophaga canimorsus capnocytophaga cynodegmi. Pdf capnocytophaga sputigena is an unusual cause of communityacquired pneumonia. Open access rapid killing of capnocytophaga canimorsus. Porphyromonas gingivalis sheds outer membrane vesicles that contain several virulence factors, including adhesins. Capnocytophaga canimorsus, formerly known as dysgonic fermenter 2, is a slowly growing, capnophilic, fusiform, and filamentous gramnegative rod. The genus capnocytophaga is a group of fusiform, gramnegative, rodshaped organisms with gliding motility whose growth is favoured by a capnophilic atmosphere. Sixtyeight strains of capnophilic fusiform gramnegative rods from the human oral cavity were subjected to extensive physiologic characterization, tested for susceptibility to various antibiotics, and the molpercent guanine plus cytosine of each isolate determined. On blood agar medium, they darken within a week due to the takeup of heme which is.
Fimbrillin fimai gene porphyromonas gingivalis techne qpcr test 150 tests for general laboratory and research use only quantification of porphyromonas gingivalis genomes. A genus of bacteria comprising fusiform, fermentative, gramnegative rods which require carbon dioxide for growth and show gliding motility explanation of capnocytophaga canimorsus. The discovery and naming of capnocytophaga canimorsus jonathan y. The discovery and naming of capnocytophaga canimorsus. The purposeof this study was to detectthe presence of capnocytophaga sputigena, c. Contribution of porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysachharide to periodontitis. To atcc valued customers, atcc stands ready to support our customers needs during the coronavirus pandemic. Infections probably caused by patients endogenous strains. This may suggest that gracilibacteria resides in the annulus of the biofilm, moderately interacting with corynebacterium in regions where carbon dioxide is accessible. Organisms have a long, fusiform appearance on gram stain, making it distinctive enough to consider morphologic identification pending cx results. It is a commensal bacterium in the normal gingival flora of canine and feline species, but can cause illness in humans.
In addition, they are opportunistic pathogens associated with periodontal diseases and animal bites, causing systemic infection in both immunocompetent and. Capnocytophaga canimorsus article about capnocytophaga. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is the species most commonly involved in zoonotic. Anytime the skin is punctured, the risk for infection should be a concern. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is the main human pathogen associated with dog bites. Genomic dna from porphyromonas gingivalis strain 2561 typestraintrue application. Capnocytophaga in periodontics ppt linkedin slideshare. Outer membrane vesicles omvs have been considered as both offense and defense components of this bacterium. The weak agonistic and antagonistic lipid a structures of p. Diagnosing capnocytophaga canimorsus infections volume 12. Porphyromonas gingivalis belongs to the phylum bacteroidetes and is a nonmotile, gramnegative, rodshaped, anaerobic, pathogenic bacterium.
Capnocytophaga gingivalis, capnocytophaga ochracea, capnocytophaga sputigena, and other species. It can be transmitted from pets to people via bites or contact of saliva with broken skin, but infection is rare. It is a slowly growing gramnegative bacillus that has been implicated in a variety of disorders including sepsis, meningitis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and endocarditis 38. On solid media, colonies are generally smooth, shiny and convex. As mentioned above, capnocytophaga gingivalis is found along the corynebacterium base of the biofilm but in high density within the annulus due to a high demand for carbon dioxide. Metagenomic analysis of the canine oral cavity, as revealed by highthroughput. The genus capnocytophaga is comprised of eight known species. Jun 19, 2014 capnocytophaga species are facultative anaerobic, capnophilic, fusiform, gramnegative bacilli exhibiting gliding motility. Capnocytophaga canimorsus formerly cdc group df2 and capnocytophaga cynodegmi cdc group df2 like were proposed as two new species 1. Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles mediate. In 1976, it was first reported to cause septicemia, endocarditis, and meningitis in humans. Risk of capnocytophaga infection capnocytophaga cdc. Normally found in the oropharyngeal tract of mammals, they are involved in the pathogenesis of some animal bite wounds and periodontal diseases.
Arare case of bacteremia due to capnocytophaga canimorsus kazumi kikuchi, 1 kazushi ehara, 1 atsuko miyasaka, 1 shinobu koyama, 1 yuji yaguchi, 1 kiyoko tamai, 1 mayumi mitsui, 1 shigeyuki notake, 1 kouichi muramatsu, 1. Pcr detection of capnocytophaga species in dental plaque. Characterization of three strains of capnocytophaga canis isolated. This allows potential crs merge to occur before abusive extension. The characteristics of the isolates were compared with 10 fresh and 2 stock isolates of. The genus initially included three species on the basis of morphological, physiological and dna data. Most capnocytophaga infections occur in adults over 40 years of age. While every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of this information, please check current reference material prior to growth or handling of microorganisms. Persons who take chloroquine for malaria prophylaxis concurrently with rabies preexposure immunizations are. Actinobacillus, aggregatibacter, kingella, cardiobacterium.
Porphyromonas gingivalis and capnocytophaga ochracea are antagonists for human tolllike receptor 4. Multiplex pcr using conserved and speciesspecific 16s rrna gene primers for simultaneous detection of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and porphyromonas gingivalis. The capnocytophaga germs that are common in dogs and cats can be spread to people through a bite or after close contact with dogs or cats. However, cases have also been diagnosed in young children. Finally, in study iv we determined the antibiotic profiles against capnocytophaga spp. Capnocytophaga ochracer, capnocytophaga sputigena, capnocytophaga gingivalis, capnocytophaga granulose, and capnocytophaga heamolytica. Supragingival plaque microbiome ecology and functional. Capnocytophaga infection from a dog bite chicago injury. First documented capnocytophaga canimorsus infection in a. Capnocytophaga species are facultative anaerobic, capnophilic, fusiform, gramnegative bacilli exhibiting gliding motility. Ninetyseven strains of capnocytophaga isolated from the oral cavity and the type strains of c. Clinical isolates of capnocytophaga spp are classified into two broad groups. Although the pathogenicity of these organisms is unknown, they are frequent isolates from oral sites and are also recovered from pulmonary lesions and abscesses, as well as from healthy oral and nonoral sites in their hosts.
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